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Articles:

The Sabre Combat Readiness Cycle

Four Steps to Perfect Execution and Victory
Sabre has produced a working and easily transferable summary of some of the modern world's most effective military planning tools used throughout many successful military units.

In the 21st century modern Armies operate with great efficiency in a genuine team based environment despite the common myths and misconceptions held that they are purely hierarchical, inflexible and lacking in true empowerment. In reality the modern military possess cutting edge 'teaming' skills and some of the most effective tools for tackling any problem as an effective and focused team either in isolation or working carefully in concert with other teams (particularly elite Special Forces and Reconnaissance Units).

External forces such as technological change, globalisation, down sizing and operational expenditure cuts similarly impact both modern corporate and military Organisations and force them to find better approaches. In both cases people increasingly rely upon effective teams along with quick and efficient execution to stay ahead of the competition whilst delivering intact the desired end-state. For a corporate organisation victory may be customer satisfaction / profit and for the military, the seizing and holding or destruction of a crucial objective.

How to achieve this in the most cost-effective way under ever increasing pressure and competition is the challenge. No successful military or business operation is undertaken without careful preparation, execution and review. We believe this cycle is a powerful tool to use.

Plan - Brief - Execute - De-Brief

Each of these steps is part of an overall cycle that never ends at both strategic and tactical levels. All units strive for continuous learning and improvement as part of the "bigger picture". And always remember... Train Hard! Fight Easy!

Planning - Four Keys to Planning for Combat and Business Effectiveness

1. The Aim
What you have to do (and limitations). Often the toughest thing to simplify. What do you want the battlefield to look like when you are finished? What is the enemies centre of gravity (i.e. the thing that if you control and dominate will make them unable to resist)? At a tactical level it could entail a communication system or a series of hills, a section of a battlefield or an objective on it. At a strategic level it could be a person, a culture, a philosophy or a nation.

2. Factors
How do each of the following factors affect what you have to do? These can be general in nature as detailed planning and orders sequences follow the appreciation.

Enemy - How many of them, what unit, what weapons and equipment, how much ammo, morale, physical state etc what makes them tick?
Own Troops - Likewise, assess as above for your own troops.
Ground - Physical environment / geography / weather and its influence upon your own and the enemy disposition.
Time and Space - Timing deadlines and co-ordination with other elements.
Assessment of Tasks - Who's going to do what and when.
Courses open to the enemy - What would you do if you where him? Or what does previous experience suggest he will do?

3. Courses
Examine courses open to the enemy then work out from these and the factors the ways by which you can achieve your aim and select the best option.

4. Plan
Develop a plan based upon the best course.


Briefing - Five Keys to Briefing for Combat and Business Effectiveness

Situation
A general overview that provides the framework / paints the bigger picture of how this "mission" impacts upon or fits into the overall strategy of the Army / Business. This is also an opportunity to provide a summary of

Enemy Forces, Threats & Constraints - identity, location, disposition, strengths and weaknesses, likely reaction.
Friendly Forces / Those working alongside us - same as for enemy with the addition of their place alongside us in overall plan to avoid crossover, confusion, waste of manpower & friendly fire)
Attachments, Alliances, Support Elements that may assist - external support that can be called upon when needed)

Mission
A short and succinct statement of what our unit must actually achieve and by when. What is it we need to do?

Execution
This is a detailed brief and instruction of how the mission is actually to be conducted.

General Outline - Deliver a summary of the type of Mission to be undertaken, what format it is to take and how many phases or stages it is to be conducted in. If in phases or stages explain what those phases or stages are and detail the 'how', 'when' and 'where' of each phase.
Grouping and Tasks - In specific detail clearly explain and allocate who is to undertake what tasks and who is responsible for the outcomes of those tasks.
C0-ordinating Instructions - The mechanics of how people and units are to execute the plan in synch with one another.

1. Timings
2. Locations
3. Actions to be undertaken in the event of various contingencies arising
4. Rules and constraints that may apply
5. Protocols and procedures for linking / joining of sub units
6. Sequence of involvement / linking for each sub-group
7. Any deception or cover plans

Administration and Logistics
What tools and resources are available and how we will administer their use.

1. Weapons, resources and equipment
2. Food and amenities
3. Specialised equipment

Command and Signals
What form of command structure will be in effect and how will we all communicate with one another most effectively?

1. Location and nature of command element
2. Signals, codes and protocols to be used
3. Synchronise time / ensure all on same schedule 4. Detail any operational security measures

Check for understanding - Field any questions from the team, then answer them clearly and in appropriate detail. Ask questions at random of the team to gauge their level of understanding and encourage attentiveness.


Execution Three keys to perfect execution

Maintain the Aim
Maintain a constant focus on what you need to achieve - Never lose sight of what it is you are actually setting out to achieve. Re-align team focus towards the Aim whenever necessary. Re-state the aim as often as necessary.

Review constantly
Review the process / plan as often as possible whilst in progress - Balance the need for your physical involvement in the task with the continual objectivity that is necessary to avoid the "activity trap" or "task overload" that will force a loss of momentum or direction. Be "in" the battle as a player whilst keeping yourself "out" at the same time when possible to be sufficiently capable of manipulating it. Maintain objectivity and BE FLEXIBLE! Read the scene and be prepared to adapt as required. Refer back to the plan when in doubt to check progress. Use checklists, proven methods and pre-planned contingencies to avert confusion. Be prepared to change direction, modify the plan and adapt as required. Flexibility! 3.

Consolidate
Be certain to consolidate your gains once achieved - Never fall into the temptation to accept a 'false summit'. Ensure that the objective is well and truly secured and that you have truly reached "Mission Accomplished" before "switching off". Consolidate your position once it is achieved to be certain it will not quickly slip from your grasp or be taken back from you. How will you maintain / defend what you have achieved. Go back to the "Planning Process" to come up with this solution. Once the Mission is accomplished most importantly conduct a thorough DE-BRIEF!


De-Briefing - Three ways to De-Brief effectively

A thorough and open de-brief is critical to assess the quality of the original plan and all of the tools, approaches and techniques that have been used in its execution. Without honest and open de-brief it is extremely difficult to modify and improve approaches to achieve continuos improvement and constantly be ahead of the enemy.

Remove all personality from the de-brief
As much as humanly possible try to remove personality, rank and experience from the de-brief to objectively analyze what occurred. A lack of openness or willingness to look objectively and coldly at what actually occurred can totally negate the purpose of the de-brief. This often takes a lot of courage on the part of the leaders to be able to open themselves up for critique first to set the pace and encourage a "total" review of the mission

Avoid apportioning blame to people, just to root causes.
Search for constructive solutions and input from all sources.

Everyone who took part in the mission irrespective of rank and experience will have seen things from different perspectives and is capable of contributing immensely useful observations, input and suggestions for improvement.

Ask the questions and seek honest answers

What did we do well and why?
What did we do poorly and why?
What will we do differently next time?

It is crucial to move beyond mere "lip service" to see the actual root causes of any problems.

Take the learning forward
Look at realistic and measurable ways to transfer the issues raised from the de-brief quickly into better approaches and techniques for the next mission. Commit to action, set real milestones and ensure they are actually implemented, otherwise the next de-brief may be viewed as just a joke. Also ensure that accurate appraisals of "how we currently operate" are included to avoid "throwing the baby out with the bath water". Change is good where necessary, but so are procedures that are proven to work. Balance in this regard is important.